With the arrival of cold weather, it is common to start feeling symptoms such as cough, tiredness or general malaise. Is it just a cold? Or maybe the flu? Differentiating between these pathologies is not always easy due to the similarity of some of their signs. However, each one has a different origin and evolution, so it is important to learn to differentiate them.
Recognizing their characteristics helps us not only to identify more precisely what is affecting us, but also to take the appropriate measures for our health and to prevent contagion to those around us.
Definition and causes
The flu and the common cold are respiratory diseases that are transmitted mainly through droplets expelled by talking, coughing or sneezing. However, each has a different viral origin. While the flu is caused by the influenza virus, the common cold can be caused by several types of viruses, rhinovirus being the most common.
In terms of transmission, influenza can be transmitted before the affected person has developed symptoms. Colds, on the other hand, tend to be more contagious once symptoms are visible, although the risk of transmission is generally lower compared to influenza.
Symptoms
Although cold and flu symptoms may be similar, there are important nuances between the two illnesses.
- Cold: Symptoms usually come on gradually and are milder. They include nasal congestion, sore throat, sneezing, watery eyes and a mild feeling of tiredness. A common cold rarely causes high fever or severe muscle aches.
- Influenza: It is characterized by a sudden and intense onset of symptoms, among which are high fever, chills, severe muscle aches, headache, and pronounced fatigue.
One of the main differences between both pathologies is that the flu is much more debilitating and can last one or two weeks, while the cold has a shorter duration.
Treatment
The basic treatment of influenza and colds is very similar. Both are viral infections, so antibiotics are not required unless there is a bacterial complication. To alleviate symptoms, rest, hydration and analgesic and/or decongestant drugs are recommended and may be helpful in relieving discomfort.
However, in case of complications, persistent high fever or worsening symptoms, it is essential to see a physician for further evaluation.
Prevention
Prevention is key to avoid contagion. By following these tips you can reduce the risk of infection:
- Wash your hands frequently: Hand hygiene is key to avoid virus transmission. Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after coughing, sneezing or contact with commonly used surfaces.
- Avoid touching your face: Viruses can enter through the eyes, nose or mouth.
- Keep an appropriate distance: When possible, avoid close contact with people who have respiratory symptoms such as coughing or sneezing.
- Ventilate spaces well: Opening windows and allowing fresh air to circulate helps reduce the concentration of viruses in enclosed spaces.
- Eat well and stay hydrated: A diet rich in fruits and vegetables strengthens the immune system. In addition, staying hydrated helps respiratory mucous membranes function properly.
- Get enough rest: Getting plenty of sleep improves immune response and helps your body become more resistant to infection.
- Avoid sudden changes in temperature: Wrap up warm to prevent low temperatures from weakening your respiratory system.
- Consider flu vaccination: In at-risk groups, such as the elderly, pregnant women or those suffering from chronic diseases, the flu vaccine is an effective measure to reduce the risk of complications.
With the arrival of cold weather, recognizing the differences between the flu and colds helps us to better cope with the symptoms and take care of both our health and the health of those around us. Being informed and acting in time, whether with rest, hydration or preventive measures, allows us to maintain our well-being and enjoy the season with peace of mind and confidence.
