Have you ever felt numbness or weakness in your hand when performing everyday tasks? Have you ever had pain and tingling in your hand that keeps you awake at night? These symptoms may indicate carpal tunnel syndrome, a very common condition that can interfere with quality of life. In this article we tell you everything you need to know about this condition and how to treat it.
Definition
The carpal tunnel is a narrow canal located in the anterior side of the wrist. This tunnel is delimited by the bones of the wrist in the inferior zone and a powerful ligament that forms the roof of the tunnel. Inside are the flexor tendons of the wrist and the median nerve. The median nerve, which runs from the lower arm to the fingers, is an essential nerve for the mobility and sensitivity of the fingers.
When the tendons that run through the carpal tunnel become irritated or inflamed, they can press on the nerve, affecting its function and causing carpal tunnel syndrome.
Causes and risk factors
Although in some cases the exact cause cannot be determined, carpal tunnel syndrome usually results from a combination of factors affecting the muscle and bone structure of the wrist. Among the main causes are:
- Wrist injuries: Sprains, fractures or trauma can alter the structure of the carpal tunnel and compress the median nerve.
- Rheumatic pathologies of deposit: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or amyloidosis cause inflammation.
- Cysts or tumors in the wrist.
- Occupational factors: Jobs that require repetitive movements that flex the wrist or the use of vibrating tools increase the risk.
- Hormonal changes: Hypothyroidism, pregnancy or menopause can cause swelling in the tissues of the wrist.
- Anatomical factors: Some people have naturally smaller carpal tunnels, making it easier for the nerve to be compressed.
Certain risk factors increase the probability of suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome, such as being female, since women have a greater tendency to develop it than men. Obesity is another factor that may facilitate the onset of this condition.
Symptoms
Symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome usually appear progressively and include:
- Tingling and numbness in the hand or fingers (except the little finger), often accompanied by a sensation of electric shock. These symptoms worsen with repeated daily activities.
- Weakness in one or both hands, making tasks requiring precision difficult.
- Clumsiness of the hand when handling objects.
- Pain in the hand or wrist that may extend to the elbow and is typically worse at night.
- Coordination problems in one or both hands.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome begins with a detailed evaluation of the symptoms and possible triggering causes. A physical examination of the sensitivity and strength of the patient’s hand and fingers will also be performed.
In addition, the specialist may order imaging tests, such as X-rays or ultrasound, to rule out other causes of pain and inflammation. In many cases, a neurophysiological study (electroneurogram and electromyogram) is performed to measure the electrical activity of the muscles and the speed of nerve transmission, in order to obtain an accurate diagnosis and assess the severity of the condition.
Treatment
To prevent aggravation of symptoms, treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome should begin as soon as possible.
In the early stages, when symptoms are mild, conservative treatments such as rest and the use of a splint to immobilize the wrist may be effective. In addition, oral anti-inflammatory drugs are usually administered to reduce inflammation. Depending on the degree of nerve involvement and the time of evolution, infiltrations with anti-inflammatory drugs (corticosteroids) may be performed around the nerve to reduce the associated inflammation and improve symptoms.
If symptoms persist or worsen, and depending on the degree of nerve involvement, the medical professional may consider surgery. The usually minimally invasive procedure is performed through a small incision in the wrist and is performed under local anesthesia. This procedure allows the patient to return home the same day as the operation. Pain and symptoms of tingling and swelling usually subside within a few days, and full recovery depends on the severity of the initial compression.
If you feel any of the symptoms described above, early evaluation can make all the difference. Proper diagnosis and treatment can help you regain your lost quality of life and improve your pain and your night’s rest.
At Paracelso Sagasta, we offer comprehensive care for carpal tunnel syndrome, from neurophysiological diagnosis to conservative or surgical treatment depending on the case. We have a specialized traumatology team that will accompany you at every stage of treatment, facilitating your recovery. Make an appointment through 976 218 131 or through our medical appointments portal.
